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Erdős Problem 134

References:

    erdosproblems.com/134

    [Er97b] Erdős, Paul, Some old and new problems in various branches of combinatorics. Discrete Math. (1997), 227-231.

namespace Erdos134

Let $\epsilon,\delta>0$ and $n$ be sufficiently large in terms of $\epsilon$ and $\delta$. Let $G$ be a triangle-free graph on $n$ vertices with maximum degree $<n^{1/2-\epsilon}$. Can $G$ be made into a triangle-free graph with diameter $2$ by adding at most $\delta n^2$ edges?

Asked by Erdős and Gyárfás, who proved that this is the case when $G$ has maximum degree $\ll \log n/\log\log n$. A construction of Simonovits shows that this conjecture is false if we just have maximum degree $\leq Cn^{1/2}$, for some large enough $C$. In this note Alon solves this problem in a strong form, in particular proving that a triangle-free graph on $n$ vertices with maximum degree $<n^{1/2-\epsilon}$ can be made into a triangle-free graph with diameter $2$ by adding at most $O(n^{2-\epsilon})$ edges.

@[category research solved, AMS 5, formal_proof using lean4 at "https://github.com/plby/lean-proofs/blob/main/src/v4.29.1/ErdosProblems/Erdos134.lean"] theorem declaration uses 'sorry'erdos_134 : answer(True) (ε δ : ) ( : 0 < ε) ( : 0 < δ), N : , n N, G : SimpleGraph (Fin n), G.CliqueFree 3 ( v : Fin n, (G.degree v : ) < Real.rpow (n : ) ((1 : ) / 2 - ε)) H : SimpleGraph (Fin n), G H H.CliqueFree 3 ( x y : Fin n, x y H.Adj x y z, H.Adj x z H.Adj z y) ((H.edgeFinset \ G.edgeFinset).card : ) δ * (n : ) ^ 2 := True (ε δ : ), 0 < ε 0 < δ N, n N, (G : SimpleGraph (Fin n)), G.CliqueFree 3 (∀ (v : Fin n), (G.degree v) < (↑n).rpow (1 / 2 - ε)) H, G H H.CliqueFree 3 (∀ (x y : Fin n), x y H.Adj x y z, H.Adj x z H.Adj z y) (H.edgeFinset \ G.edgeFinset).card δ * n ^ 2 All goals completed! 🐙 end Erdos134