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Factor bounds for Fermat numbers

$a(n)$ is the minimum integer $k$ such that the smallest prime factor of the $n$-th Fermat number exceeds $2^{2^n - k}$.

References:

    A358684

    SA22 Lorenzo Sauras-Altuzarra, Some properties of the factors of Fermat numbers, Art Discrete Appl. Math. (2022).

namespace OeisA358684 open Nat

A358684: $a(n)$ is the minimum integer $k$ such that the smallest prime factor of the $n$-th Fermat number exceeds $2^{2^n - k}$. Let $F_n = 2^{2^n} + 1$ be the $n$-th Fermat number, and $P_n$ be its smallest prime factor. The definition of $a(n)$ is equivalent to the closed form: $$a(n) = 2^n - \lfloor \log_2(P_n) \rfloor$$ where $P_n = \operatorname{minFac}(\operatorname{fermatNumber} n)$. The subtraction is defined in $\mathbb{N}$ and is safe since $P_n \le F_n$, implying $\log_2 P_n < 2^n$.

def a (n : ) : := letI pn := minFac (fermatNumber n) (2 ^ n) - (log2 pn)

The "original" definition: $a'(n)$ is the minimum $k$ such that $P_n > 2^{2^n - k}$. We use Nat.find which returns the smallest natural number satisfying a predicate.

noncomputable def a' (n : ) : := letI Pn := minFac (fermatNumber n) Nat.find (show k, Pn > 2 ^ (2 ^ n - k) from n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFac k, Pn > 2 ^ (2 ^ n - k) n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFacPn > 2 ^ (2 ^ n - 2 ^ n) n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFacPn > 1 n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFac1 < n.fermatNumber.minFac n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFac1 < (2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1).minFac exact (Nat.minFac_prime (n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFac2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1 1 All goals completed! 🐙)).one_lt )

The log2 of the smallest prime factor of $F_n$ is at most $2^n$.

@[category textbook, AMS 11] private lemma log2_minFac_le (n : ) : log2 (fermatNumber n).minFac 2^n := n:n.fermatNumber.minFac.log2 2 ^ n n:log 2 n.fermatNumber.minFac 2 ^ n refine (log_mono_right (minFac_le (n:0 < n.fermatNumber n:0 < 2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1; All goals completed! 🐙))).trans_eq ?_ n:2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1 < 2 ^ (2 ^ n + 1) n:2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1 < 2 ^ 2 ^ n + 2 ^ 2 ^ n n:1 < 2 ^ 2 ^ n exact one_lt_pow (n:2 ^ n 0 All goals completed! 🐙) (n:1 < 2 All goals completed! 🐙)

The minimization definition is equivalent to the closed form.

@[category API, AMS 11] theorem a_equiv_a' (n : ) : a n = a' n := n:a n = a' n n:2 ^ n - n.fermatNumber.minFac.log2 = Nat.find ; n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFac2 ^ n - n.fermatNumber.minFac.log2 = Nat.find n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFacn.fermatNumber.minFac > 2 ^ (2 ^ n - (2 ^ n - n.fermatNumber.minFac.log2)) n_1 < 2 ^ n - n.fermatNumber.minFac.log2, ¬n.fermatNumber.minFac > 2 ^ (2 ^ n - n_1) n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFacn.fermatNumber.minFac > 2 ^ (2 ^ n - (2 ^ n - n.fermatNumber.minFac.log2))n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFac n_1 < 2 ^ n - n.fermatNumber.minFac.log2, ¬n.fermatNumber.minFac > 2 ^ (2 ^ n - n_1) n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFacn.fermatNumber.minFac > 2 ^ (2 ^ n - (2 ^ n - n.fermatNumber.minFac.log2)) n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFacn.fermatNumber.minFac > 2 ^ log 2 n.fermatNumber.minFac n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFacn.fermatNumber 1n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFach:2 ^ log 2 n.fermatNumber.minFac = n.fermatNumber.minFacFalse n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFacn.fermatNumber 1 n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFac2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1 1 All goals completed! 🐙 n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFach:2 ^ log 2 n.fermatNumber.minFac = n.fermatNumber.minFacFalse have hPn : Pn.Prime := minFac_prime (n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFach:2 ^ log 2 n.fermatNumber.minFac = n.fermatNumber.minFacn.fermatNumber 1 n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFach:2 ^ log 2 n.fermatNumber.minFac = n.fermatNumber.minFac2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1 1; All goals completed! 🐙) n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFach:2 ^ log 2 n.fermatNumber.minFac = n.fermatNumber.minFachPn:Nat.Prime Pn := minFac_prime (Eq.mpr (id (congrArg (fun _a => _a 1) (fermatNumber.eq_1 n))) (of_eq_true (Eq.trans (Eq.trans (congrArg Not (Eq.trans add_eq_right._simp_1 (Eq.trans pow_eq_zero._simp_1 (Eq.trans (Eq.trans (congr (congrArg And (eq_false (Mathlib.Meta.NormNum.isNat_eq_false (Mathlib.Meta.NormNum.isNat_ofNat (Eq.refl 2)) (Mathlib.Meta.NormNum.isNat_ofNat (Eq.refl 0)) (Eq.refl false)))) (Eq.trans (Eq.trans (congrArg Not (Eq.trans pow_eq_zero._simp_1 (Eq.trans (Eq.trans (congrArg (fun x => x ¬n = 0) (eq_false (Mathlib.Meta.NormNum.isNat_eq_false (Mathlib.Meta.NormNum.isNat_ofNat (Eq.refl 2)) (Mathlib.Meta.NormNum.isNat_ofNat (Eq.refl 0)) (Eq.refl false)))) (false_and ¬n = 0)) (eq_false not_false)))) not_false_eq_true) (eq_true True.intro))) (and_true False)) (eq_false not_false))))) not_false_eq_true) (eq_true True.intro))))hnz:Pn.log2 0 := Eq.symm log2_eq_log_two LT.lt.ne' (log_pos one_lt_two (Prime.two_le hPn))False n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFach:2 ^ log 2 n.fermatNumber.minFac = n.fermatNumber.minFachPn:Nat.Prime Pn := minFac_prime (Eq.mpr (id (congrArg (fun _a => _a 1) (fermatNumber.eq_1 n))) (of_eq_true (Eq.trans (Eq.trans (congrArg Not (Eq.trans add_eq_right._simp_1 (Eq.trans pow_eq_zero._simp_1 (Eq.trans (Eq.trans (congr (congrArg And (eq_false (Mathlib.Meta.NormNum.isNat_eq_false (Mathlib.Meta.NormNum.isNat_ofNat (Eq.refl 2)) (Mathlib.Meta.NormNum.isNat_ofNat (Eq.refl 0)) (Eq.refl false)))) (Eq.trans (Eq.trans (congrArg Not (Eq.trans pow_eq_zero._simp_1 (Eq.trans (Eq.trans (congrArg (fun x => x ¬n = 0) (eq_false (Mathlib.Meta.NormNum.isNat_eq_false (Mathlib.Meta.NormNum.isNat_ofNat (Eq.refl 2)) (Mathlib.Meta.NormNum.isNat_ofNat (Eq.refl 0)) (Eq.refl false)))) (false_and ¬n = 0)) (eq_false not_false)))) not_false_eq_true) (eq_true True.intro))) (and_true False)) (eq_false not_false))))) not_false_eq_true) (eq_true True.intro))))hnz:Pn.log2 0 := Eq.symm log2_eq_log_two LT.lt.ne' (log_pos one_lt_two (Prime.two_le hPn))Odd (2 ^ Pn.log2) n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFach:2 ^ log 2 n.fermatNumber.minFac = n.fermatNumber.minFachPn:Nat.Prime Pn := minFac_prime (Eq.mpr (id (congrArg (fun _a => _a 1) (fermatNumber.eq_1 n))) (of_eq_true (Eq.trans (Eq.trans (congrArg Not (Eq.trans add_eq_right._simp_1 (Eq.trans pow_eq_zero._simp_1 (Eq.trans (Eq.trans (congr (congrArg And (eq_false (Mathlib.Meta.NormNum.isNat_eq_false (Mathlib.Meta.NormNum.isNat_ofNat (Eq.refl 2)) (Mathlib.Meta.NormNum.isNat_ofNat (Eq.refl 0)) (Eq.refl false)))) (Eq.trans (Eq.trans (congrArg Not (Eq.trans pow_eq_zero._simp_1 (Eq.trans (Eq.trans (congrArg (fun x => x ¬n = 0) (eq_false (Mathlib.Meta.NormNum.isNat_eq_false (Mathlib.Meta.NormNum.isNat_ofNat (Eq.refl 2)) (Mathlib.Meta.NormNum.isNat_ofNat (Eq.refl 0)) (Eq.refl false)))) (false_and ¬n = 0)) (eq_false not_false)))) not_false_eq_true) (eq_true True.intro))) (and_true False)) (eq_false not_false))))) not_false_eq_true) (eq_true True.intro))))hnz:Pn.log2 0 := Eq.symm log2_eq_log_two LT.lt.ne' (log_pos one_lt_two (Prime.two_le hPn))Odd n.fermatNumber.minFac All goals completed! 🐙 n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFac n_1 < 2 ^ n - n.fermatNumber.minFac.log2, ¬n.fermatNumber.minFac > 2 ^ (2 ^ n - n_1) intro m n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFacm:hm:m < 2 ^ n - n.fermatNumber.minFac.log2¬n.fermatNumber.minFac > 2 ^ (2 ^ n - m); n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFacm:hm:m < 2 ^ n - n.fermatNumber.minFac.log2n.fermatNumber.minFac 2 ^ (2 ^ n - m) n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFacm:hm:n.fermatNumber.minFac.log2 + m < 2 ^ nn.fermatNumber.minFac 2 ^ (2 ^ n - m) n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFacm:hm:log 2 n.fermatNumber.minFac + m < 2 ^ nn.fermatNumber.minFac 2 ^ (2 ^ n - m) refine (lt_pow_succ_log_self (b:=2) (n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFacm:hm:log 2 n.fermatNumber.minFac + m < 2 ^ n1 < 2 All goals completed! 🐙) _).le.trans ?_ apply Nat.pow_le_pow_right (n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFacm:hm:log 2 n.fermatNumber.minFac + m < 2 ^ n2 > 0 All goals completed! 🐙) n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFacm:hm:log 2 n.fermatNumber.minFac + m < 2 ^ n(log 2 n.fermatNumber.minFac).succ + m 2 ^ n n:Pn: := n.fermatNumber.minFacm:hm:log 2 n.fermatNumber.minFac + m < 2 ^ nthis:(log 2 n.fermatNumber.minFac + m).succ 2 ^ n := succ_le_of_lt hm(log 2 n.fermatNumber.minFac).succ + m 2 ^ n All goals completed! 🐙 @[category test, AMS 11] theorem a_0 : a 0 = 0 := a 0 = 0 1 - log2 3 = 0; All goals completed! 🐙 @[category test, AMS 11] theorem a_1 : a 1 = 0 := a 1 = 0 2 - log2 5 = 0; All goals completed! 🐙 @[category test, AMS 11] theorem a_2 : a 2 = 0 := a 2 = 0 4 - log2 17 = 0; All goals completed! 🐙 @[category test, AMS 11] theorem a_3 : a 3 = 0 := a 3 = 0 All goals completed! 🐙 @[category test, AMS 11] theorem a_4 : a 4 = 0 := a 4 = 0 All goals completed! 🐙 @[category test, AMS 11] theorem a_5 : a 5 = 23 := a 5 = 23 All goals completed! 🐙 @[category test, AMS 11] theorem a_6 : a 6 = 46 := a 6 = 46 All goals completed! 🐙 @[category test, AMS 11] theorem declaration uses 'sorry'a_7 : a 7 = 73 := a 7 = 73 All goals completed! 🐙

Conjecture: the dyadic valuation of A93179(n) - 1 does not exceed 2^n - a(n).

A93179(n) is minFac(fermatNumber n), the smallest prime factor of the n-th Fermat number. The conjecture states that if $P_n$ is the smallest prime factor of the $n$-th Fermat number, then $\nu_2(P_n - 1) \le 2^n - a(n)$. Substituting the definition of $a(n)$, this is equivalent to $\nu_2(P_n - 1) \le \lfloor \log_2(P_n) \rfloor$.

This is Conjecture 3.4 in [SA22].

@[category research solved, AMS 11] theorem oeis_358684_conjecture_0 (n : ) : padicValNat 2 (minFac (fermatNumber n) - 1) 2 ^ n - a n := n:padicValNat 2 (n.fermatNumber.minFac - 1) 2 ^ n - a n n:padicValNat 2 ((2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1).minFac - 1) 2 ^ n - (2 ^ n - (2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1).minFac.log2) n:padicValNat 2 ((2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1).minFac - 1) (2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1).minFac.log2n:(2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1).minFac.log2 2 ^ n n:padicValNat 2 ((2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1).minFac - 1) (2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1).minFac.log2 n:padicValNat 2 ((2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1).minFac - 1) log 2 (2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1).minFac apply Nat.le_log_of_pow_le (n:1 < 2 All goals completed! 🐙) n:2 ^ padicValNat 2 ((2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1).minFac - 1) (2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1).minFac - 1 n:(2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1).minFac - 1 0 exact Nat.sub_ne_zero_of_lt (Nat.minFac_prime (n:2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1 1 All goals completed! 🐙)).one_lt n:(2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1).minFac.log2 2 ^ n n:log 2 (2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1).minFac 2 ^ n have : (2 ^ 2 ^ n) + 1 < 2 ^ ((2 ^ n) + 1) := n:padicValNat 2 (n.fermatNumber.minFac - 1) 2 ^ n - a n All goals completed! 🐙 n:this:2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1 < 2 ^ (2 ^ n + 1) := of_eq_true (Eq.trans (Eq.trans (congrArg (LT.lt (2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1)) (Eq.trans (pow_add 2 (2 ^ n) 1) (Eq.trans (congrArg (HMul.hMul (2 ^ 2 ^ n)) (pow_one 2)) (mul_two (2 ^ 2 ^ n))))) (mul_lt_mul_iff_left._simp_2 (2 ^ 2 ^ n))) (Eq.trans (one_lt_pow_iff._simp_1 (of_eq_true (Eq.trans (congrArg Not (Eq.trans pow_eq_zero._simp_1 (Eq.trans (congrArg (fun x => x ¬n = 0) (OfNat.ofNat_ne_zero._simp_1 2)) (false_and ¬n = 0)))) not_false_eq_true))) one_lt_ofNat._simp_1))(2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1).minFac 0n:this:2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1 < 2 ^ (2 ^ n + 1) := of_eq_true (Eq.trans (Eq.trans (congrArg (LT.lt (2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1)) (Eq.trans (pow_add 2 (2 ^ n) 1) (Eq.trans (congrArg (HMul.hMul (2 ^ 2 ^ n)) (pow_one 2)) (mul_two (2 ^ 2 ^ n))))) (mul_lt_mul_iff_left._simp_2 (2 ^ 2 ^ n))) (Eq.trans (one_lt_pow_iff._simp_1 (of_eq_true (Eq.trans (congrArg Not (Eq.trans pow_eq_zero._simp_1 (Eq.trans (congrArg (fun x => x ¬n = 0) (OfNat.ofNat_ne_zero._simp_1 2)) (false_and ¬n = 0)))) not_false_eq_true))) one_lt_ofNat._simp_1))(2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1).minFac < 2 ^ (2 ^ n).succ n:this:2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1 < 2 ^ (2 ^ n + 1) := of_eq_true (Eq.trans (Eq.trans (congrArg (LT.lt (2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1)) (Eq.trans (pow_add 2 (2 ^ n) 1) (Eq.trans (congrArg (HMul.hMul (2 ^ 2 ^ n)) (pow_one 2)) (mul_two (2 ^ 2 ^ n))))) (mul_lt_mul_iff_left._simp_2 (2 ^ 2 ^ n))) (Eq.trans (one_lt_pow_iff._simp_1 (of_eq_true (Eq.trans (congrArg Not (Eq.trans pow_eq_zero._simp_1 (Eq.trans (congrArg (fun x => x ¬n = 0) (OfNat.ofNat_ne_zero._simp_1 2)) (false_and ¬n = 0)))) not_false_eq_true))) one_lt_ofNat._simp_1))(2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1).minFac 0 All goals completed! 🐙 n:this:2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1 < 2 ^ (2 ^ n + 1) := of_eq_true (Eq.trans (Eq.trans (congrArg (LT.lt (2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1)) (Eq.trans (pow_add 2 (2 ^ n) 1) (Eq.trans (congrArg (HMul.hMul (2 ^ 2 ^ n)) (pow_one 2)) (mul_two (2 ^ 2 ^ n))))) (mul_lt_mul_iff_left._simp_2 (2 ^ 2 ^ n))) (Eq.trans (one_lt_pow_iff._simp_1 (of_eq_true (Eq.trans (congrArg Not (Eq.trans pow_eq_zero._simp_1 (Eq.trans (congrArg (fun x => x ¬n = 0) (OfNat.ofNat_ne_zero._simp_1 2)) (false_and ¬n = 0)))) not_false_eq_true))) one_lt_ofNat._simp_1))(2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1).minFac < 2 ^ (2 ^ n).succ exact (Nat.minFac_le (n:this:2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1 < 2 ^ (2 ^ n + 1) := of_eq_true (Eq.trans (Eq.trans (congrArg (LT.lt (2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1)) (Eq.trans (pow_add 2 (2 ^ n) 1) (Eq.trans (congrArg (HMul.hMul (2 ^ 2 ^ n)) (pow_one 2)) (mul_two (2 ^ 2 ^ n))))) (mul_lt_mul_iff_left._simp_2 (2 ^ 2 ^ n))) (Eq.trans (one_lt_pow_iff._simp_1 (of_eq_true (Eq.trans (congrArg Not (Eq.trans pow_eq_zero._simp_1 (Eq.trans (congrArg (fun x => x ¬n = 0) (OfNat.ofNat_ne_zero._simp_1 2)) (false_and ¬n = 0)))) not_false_eq_true))) one_lt_ofNat._simp_1))0 < 2 ^ 2 ^ n + 1 All goals completed! 🐙)).trans_lt this end OeisA358684