/- Copyright 2026 The Formal Conjectures Authors. Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -/ module public import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.Bochner.Basic public import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Measure.Lebesgue.Basic public import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Constructions.UnitInterval public import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Constructions.Pi public import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Measure.Prod public import Mathlib.Combinatorics.SimpleGraph.Basic public import Mathlib.Combinatorics.SimpleGraph.Finite@[expose] public sectionopen MeasureTheory MeasureTheory.Measure Finset SimpleGraphnamespace LimitObjects

The unit interval [0, 1].

abbrev UnitInterval : Type := Set.Icc (0 : ) 1

A graphon is a symmetric, measurable function W : [0, 1] × [0, 1] → [0, 1]. The domain is the unit interval squared, and the image is contained in the unit interval.

structure Graphon where toFun : UnitInterval × UnitInterval UnitInterval measurable : Measurable toFun symmetric : x y : UnitInterval, toFun (x, y) = toFun (y, x)instance : CoeFun Graphon (fun _ => UnitInterval × UnitInterval UnitInterval) := Graphon.toFunnamespace Graphon

Extensionality principle for Graphon.

@[ext] theorem ext {W₁ W₂ : Graphon} (h : p, W₁ p = W₂ p) : W₁ = W₂ := W₁:GraphonW₂:Graphonh: (p : UnitInterval × UnitInterval), W₁.toFun p = W₂.toFun pW₁ = W₂ W₂:GraphontoFun✝:UnitInterval × UnitInterval UnitIntervalmeasurable✝:Measurable toFun✝symmetric✝: (x y : UnitInterval), toFun✝ (x, y) = toFun✝ (y, x)h: (p : UnitInterval × UnitInterval), { toFun := toFun✝, measurable := measurable✝, symmetric := symmetric✝ }.toFun p = W₂.toFun p{ toFun := toFun✝, measurable := measurable✝, symmetric := symmetric✝ } = W₂; toFun✝¹:UnitInterval × UnitInterval UnitIntervalmeasurable✝¹:Measurable toFun✝symmetric✝¹: (x y : UnitInterval), toFun✝ (x, y) = toFun✝ (y, x)toFun✝:UnitInterval × UnitInterval UnitIntervalmeasurable✝:Measurable toFun✝symmetric✝: (x y : UnitInterval), toFun✝ (x, y) = toFun✝ (y, x)h: (p : UnitInterval × UnitInterval), { toFun := toFun✝¹, measurable := measurable✝¹, symmetric := symmetric✝¹ }.toFun p = { toFun := toFun✝, measurable := measurable✝, symmetric := symmetric✝ }.toFun p{ toFun := toFun✝¹, measurable := measurable✝¹, symmetric := symmetric✝¹ } = { toFun := toFun✝, measurable := measurable✝, symmetric := symmetric✝ }; toFun✝¹:UnitInterval × UnitInterval UnitIntervalmeasurable✝¹:Measurable toFun✝symmetric✝¹: (x y : UnitInterval), toFun✝ (x, y) = toFun✝ (y, x)toFun✝:UnitInterval × UnitInterval UnitIntervalmeasurable✝:Measurable toFun✝symmetric✝: (x y : UnitInterval), toFun✝ (x, y) = toFun✝ (y, x)h: (p : UnitInterval × UnitInterval), { toFun := toFun✝¹, measurable := measurable✝¹, symmetric := symmetric✝¹ }.toFun p = { toFun := toFun✝, measurable := measurable✝, symmetric := symmetric✝ }.toFun ptoFun✝¹ = toFun✝; toFun✝¹:UnitInterval × UnitInterval UnitIntervalmeasurable✝¹:Measurable toFun✝symmetric✝¹: (x y : UnitInterval), toFun✝ (x, y) = toFun✝ (y, x)toFun✝:UnitInterval × UnitInterval UnitIntervalmeasurable✝:Measurable toFun✝symmetric✝: (x y : UnitInterval), toFun✝ (x, y) = toFun✝ (y, x)h: (p : UnitInterval × UnitInterval), { toFun := toFun✝¹, measurable := measurable✝¹, symmetric := symmetric✝¹ }.toFun p = { toFun := toFun✝, measurable := measurable✝, symmetric := symmetric✝ }.toFun pp:UnitInterval × UnitIntervaltoFun✝¹ p = toFun✝ p; All goals completed! 🐙

Evaluate a graphon on an unordered pair of vertices in Sym2 UnitInterval as a real number.

def evalSym2 (W : Graphon) (e : Sym2 UnitInterval) : := Sym2.lift fun u v => (W (u, v) : ), fun u v => W:Graphone:Sym2 UnitIntervalu:UnitIntervalv:UnitInterval(fun u v (W.toFun (u, v))) u v = (fun u v (W.toFun (u, v))) v u All goals completed! 🐙 e

Given a configuration x : V → UnitInterval and an edge e : Sym2 V, evaluate W on the endpoints as a real number.

def evalEdge {V : Type*} (W : Graphon) (x : V UnitInterval) (e : Sym2 V) : := Sym2.lift fun u v => (W (x u, x v) : ), fun u v => V:Type u_1W:Graphonx:V UnitIntervale:Sym2 Vu:Vv:V(fun u v (W.toFun (x u, x v))) u v = (fun u v (W.toFun (x u, x v))) v u All goals completed! 🐙 eend Graphonvariable {V : Type*} [Fintype V] [DecidableEq V]

The integrand for the homomorphism density $t(H, W)$ of a simple graph $H$ in a graphon $W$ given a configuration x : V → [0, 1].

def graphonHomIntegrand (H : SimpleGraph V) [DecidableRel H.Adj] (W : Graphon) (x : V UnitInterval) : := e H.edgeFinset, W.evalEdge x e

The homomorphism density $t(H, W)$ of a finite simple graph $H$ in a graphon $W$ on $[0, 1]$ equipped with the Lebesgue measure volume.

noncomputable def graphonHomDensity (H : SimpleGraph V) [DecidableRel H.Adj] (W : Graphon) : := x : V UnitInterval, graphonHomIntegrand H W x (Measure.pi fun _ => volume)

The edge density of a graphon $W$ on $[0, 1]^2 \to [0, 1]$ equipped with the Lebesgue measure volume.

noncomputable def graphonEdgeDensity (W : Graphon) : := p : UnitInterval × UnitInterval, (W p : ) (volume.prod volume)end LimitObjects