Formal Book

26 Cotangent and the Herglotz trick

Lemma 26.1 A

The functions f and g are defined for all non-integral values and are continuous there.

Proof
Lemma 26.2 B

Both f and g are periodic of period 1, that is f(x+1)=f(x) and g(x+1)=g(x) hold for all xRZ.

Proof
Lemma 26.3 C

Both f and g are odd functions, that is we have f(x)=f(x) and g(x)=g(x) for all xRZ.

Proof
Lemma 26.4 D

The two functions f and g satisfy the same functional equation: f(x2)+f(x+12)=2f(x) and g(x2)+g(x+12)=gf(x).

Proof
Lemma 26.5 E

By setting h(x):=0 for xZ, h becomes a continuous function on all of R that shares the properties given in 26.2, 26.3, 26.4.

Proof
Theorem 26.6
πcotπx=1x+n=1(1x+n+1xn)

for xRZ.

Proof